Strengths and Weaknesses of the Investment Appraisal Techniques Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The net present value method is one of the important discounted cash flow techniques that are commonly adopted by firms for evaluating projects. The primary reason for considering NPV method useful is consideration of time value of money. Among the three projects, it can be observed that each of the projects has positive NPV higher than $900. From a single project s point of view, all three projects are acceptable as they have positive NP but comparatively, the project with highest NPV is preferred. Hence, Florence PLC should invest the fund in Project C (Schall, Sundem and Geijsbeek, 1978). The internal rate of return is another important discounting method which is generally used along with NPV method for evaluating projects. IRR method generally ranks projects based on the amount of return the project is generating internally. There are two key criteria for selecting a project on the basis of IRR. Firstly, the IRR should be higher than the cost of capital of the project and secon dly, IRR is useful in selecting the most desirable project among more than one project. We will write a custom essay sample on Strengths and Weaknesses of the Investment Appraisal Techniques or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The primary reason for project A having least payback period is that the project will earn very high inflow during the first three years.

Victims of Poverty and Hunger - 2181 Words

In the United States alone, there are 16 million children living in households with no regular access to enough food (The True Cost of Hunger). Sixteen million children who may very possibly live in poverty. Now remember, this massive number does not include adults or children living in undeveloped countries, where extreme poverty and hunger is much more common and fatal. Regardless of major progress, one in eight people, globally, continue to go to bed hungry and one in six children under the age of five are underweight (The Millennium Development Goals Report 2013). These people are kept from living normal, healthy lives and performing at their highest potential. While someone living in an undeveloped country fears whether or not they will live another day, our worries and thoughts are based on vanity. It seems that third world problems do not seem to affect us at the very least. Although the United States is a developed country, extreme poverty and hunger is still an issue that br ings consequences both locally and globally, and if left unattended will bring bigger consequences to future generations. Victims of poverty and hunger, who are living in undeveloped countries, suffer most because the consequences can be much more fatal. â€Å"Poor nutrition causes nearly half (45%) of deaths in children under five – 3.1 million children each year† (Know Your World: Facts about Hunger and Poverty). This problem needs to be addressed as soon as possible because it is true thatShow MoreRelatedThe Moral Issue Of World Hunger887 Words   |  4 Pagesabsolute poverty level –the level at which people cannot meet basic needs such as food, water, shelter, and the like-at $1 per day income. On that basis, it was calculated that one billion people live in poverty. (Hinman, 364) † Over one billion people including children are living with nothing that needs help more than ever. It is up to the wealthier nations such as the United States to take the acceptances of their moral responsibility and take it into action on the growing world hunger and povertyRead MoreHunger I s A Growing Phenomenon1459 Words   |  6 Pagessatisfying the hunger level of the basic human hierarchical needs, hunger supersedes the mere headache, nausea, or mood irritability. We have coined the word – world hunger to group these individuals together, and quite frankly, for these individuals, their only concern in the world, is whether death or their next meal will come first. World hunger is a growing phenomenon that requires proper understating and a fighting effort from all members of the world as loving caring human beings. Hunger is a veryRead MoreHaiti : The Starving Country870 Words   |  4 Pagesirreversibly short for their age.†(â€Å"Hunger†) This staggering statistic is due to one of the world’s biggest problems, hunger. Hunger is a problem that many developing countries face, one of the biggest victims to hunger is the small Caribbean country of Haiti. Hunger in Haiti affects the entire country, from the rural countrysides to the major cities. Though hunger is already a big issue for Haiti, it has gotten worse in the past decade due to the extreme poverty, heavy storms, and natural disastersRead MoreThe Hunger Of World Hunger1261 Words   |  6 Pagespeople. But it’s kind of ironic world hunger still exist and is the leading cause of deaths per year. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that about 805 million people of the 7.3 billion people in the world were suffering from chronic undernourishment. World hunger doesn’t just kill people, it’s linked to diseases, physiological issues and poverty as well. That’s about 24,000 people dying a day. But what does hunger mean? Hunger is a term which has three differentRead MoreThe Problem Of World Hunger1258 Words   |  6 Pagespervasive threat of death have been streaming on various media. World Hunger is one of the main problems that a large portion of the global population faces today. Hunger varies with severity but in this case it is the want of food in a third world country. World hunger is a problem that has existed for much of our known history; it has faded away from central concerns because it is barely brought up in everyday conversations. World hunger has many aggravating factors and principal causes, such as insufficientRead MoreFree Trade And Its Effects On Society1655 Words   |  7 Pagesplants) to take hold, a chain reaction is set in motion. The low wages that sweatshops pay create three things in poverty, which creates hunger, disease, and lack of funds for medicine. The hunger and disease can cause more hunger and disease because the victims of hunger and disease can no longer work to get the money that could fix their hunger and disease. They just cause more poverty. The mechanisms of this global stage are complicated and, for the most part, hidden. The players are more easilyRead MoreBangladesh Is On The Right Track1233 Words   |  5 PagesSystems – Section H October 16, 2015 Bangladesh is on The Right Track Bangladesh, the eight most populated country in the world has been plagued by poverty for a long time. In the year 2000, the United Nations created the Millennium Development Goals, the purpose was to decrease extreme poverty by 2015. Thus, when Goal 1; eradicating extreme poverty and hunger was included in the project, Bangladesh was targeted as the country is overpopulated and has a high rate of unemployment. A considerable numberRead MoreHunger in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Astonishing Truth Behind Starvation1717 Words   |  7 PagesAIDS and hunger, and more than 90 percent of the people are suffering long term malnourishment. (World Health Organization) In addition to this, measles are taking the life of a boy almost every minute, when a measles vaccine cost less than $1. (WHO, World Health Organization) Things are moving in the wrong direction, says Marc Cohen (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Washington). If we look at sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, all the projections are that poverty and hunger are goingRead MorePoverty, Child Labor, And Child Hunger1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe social issues that are currently happening in today s society are children in poverty, child labor, and child hunger. Children in poverty is a typical social issue occurring in society today. â€Å"More than 16 million children in the United States – 22% of all children – live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level† (â€Å"National Center For Children In Poverty,† n.d.). The federal poverty level measures the amount of income a family takes in per year. It varies depending on the numberRead MoreThe Millenium Declaration Goals 20001758 Words   |  7 Pagesextreme poverty and hunger 2. Achievement of universal primary education 3. Promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women, 4. Reduction of child mortality 5. Improvement in maternal health 6. Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, 7. Ensuring environmental sustainability and 8. Develop a global partnership for development. The accomplishing focus of these objectives is until 2015. Subsequently such advancement methodologies are critical to meet these objectives. Poverty is serious

The Rehabilitation Nursing Environment Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(107) " respect to interaction between Mrs Carroll and the physical and societal environment \( Lindley 2008 \) \." Stroke is a heterogenous syndrome caused by multiple mechanisms that result in a break of normal intellectual blood flow. Harmonizing to Kockrow and Christensen, ischemic in-between intellectual arteria shot is an unnatural status of the blood vass in the encephalon, characterised by bleeding into the encephalon of the formation of an embolus or thrombus that occludes the in-between intellectual arteria, ensuing in ischemia of the encephalon tissue usually perfused by the damaged cells. The in-between intellectual arteria supplies the largest volume of the cerebral hemisphere, including the basal ganglia, the internal capsule, and the ocular radiations from the thalamus ( Mitchell A ; Moore 2004 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Rehabilitation Nursing Environment Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The disrupted blood flow in the MCA causes intellectual disfunction. Cerebral blood flow has an autoregulatory mechanism that protects against hypoxia and low perfusion ( Johnson 2012 ) . When intellectual blood flow the lessenings, the autoregulatory mechanism tries to counterbalance by increasing the blood force per unit area and bring oning vasodilation ( Johnson 2012 ) . If the blood flow falls below a critical degree, intellectual blood volume is reduced and infarction occurs. Johnson ( 2012 ) explains that the deficiency of foods usually received from oxygenated blood and the harm which is caused by sudden hemorrhage into or around the encephalon lead to cell decease. Cerebral ischaemia initiates a figure of damaging cellular events enduring which consequence in extended cell decease and tissue harm beyond the country originally affected by the deficiency of blood flow ( Kockrow A ; Christensen 2011 ) .Tissue plasminogen activator is a serine peptidase which converts plasmino gen to plasmin, a fibrinolytic enzyme ( McElveen A ; Macko 2009 ) . Upon disposal, recombinant TPA increases plasmin enzymatic activity, ensuing in fibrinolysis ( Harvey 2009 ) . It is used to handle the shot in the acute phase to reconstruct flow to the ischaemic country. In ischemic stroke the dead or deceasing cells are surrounded by the penumbra-an country of cells at hazard of or enduring ischemia as explained by Harvey ( 2009 ) . Cells busying the penumbra are ill perfused and as a consequence become progressively ischemic ( Mitchell A ; Moore 2004 ) . Circulation can be improved when TPA is administered within 3 hours in an acute ischemic shot ( Elkind 2009 ) . This will besides assist to understate decease cells in the penumbra. Collins ( 2007 ) states that the usage of TPA halts the shot by fade outing the coagulum that is barricading blood flow to the encephalon. When suitably administered to patients who fall within narrow clinical guidelines, TPA can restrict the exten t of encephalon hurt and better results after shot ( Johnson 2012 ) . Describe the functions of four members of the multidisciplinary squad ( other than nursing ) who will care for Mrs Carroll. The function of the squad is to supply holistic attention which realistically develops of import ends for Mrs Carroll and her household, whilst testing for shot complications and trouble-shooting as jobs nowadayss. Address Diagnosticians The address healers have established function for measuring swallow map every bit good as address ( Lindley 2008 ) . Regular address therapy can better the result after shot. Therapy begins without hold after a shot ( ideally the following on the job twenty-four hours ) and involves Sessionss of 1-2 hours per twenty-four hours as explained by Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009. The address healers are concerned with assessing, naming and handling communicating upsets, such as formation and perceptual experience of address, the ability to joint words and to understand and originate address ( Freeman 1998 ) . The address healer will help Mrs Carroll to re learn communicating accomplishments. The address diagnostician will besides intercede closely with the nurse, dietician and household to accomplish safe swallowing schemes for Mrs Carroll. Physical therapists The physical therapists will measure Mrs Carroll physical capablenesss and restrictions in a collaborative procedure ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009 ) . The physical therapist administers therapies designed to rectify or understate malformation, addition strength and mobility or relieve uncomfortableness or hurting ( William, Perry A ; Watkins 2010 ) . Stroke rehabilitation comprises of exercising intercession, to understate the effects of the encephalon cell harm and optimise re-learning as stated by Lindley ( 2008 ) . William, Perry A ; Watkins ( 2010 ) explain that the interventions include the usage of specific exercisings, heat, cold, aqua therapy and electro physical therapy. The function of the physical therapist besides involves educating Mrs Carroll and her household in right methods of placement, reassigning and call uping to help with the discharge. Occupational healers The occupational healers aim is to help Mrs Carroll to be independent in executing activities of day-to-day life ( Lindley 2008 ) . Freeman ( 1998 ) explains that the occupational healers will find Mrs Carroll ‘s ability to execute basic activities of life such as lavation, dressing and feeding. Their function includes the appraisal of basic and more advanced functional activities ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009 ) . The occupational healer plants on specific undertakings in coaction with nursing staff and physical therapists ( William, Perry A ; Watkins 2010 ) . This involves a period of appraisal including the ability to understand instructions followed by specific preparation in basic ADLS ( William, Perry A ; Watkins 2010 ) . As Mrs Carroll has adequate motor recovery to keep sitting balance the occupational healer starts working on basic lavation ( e.g. rinsing the face, cleaning dentitions ) . As recovery returns, more complex undertakings can be assessed and pr actised such as showers transportations, acquiring on and off the lavatory. The occupational healers assess the demand for, and supply, adaptative devices to advance independency with bathing, eating and dressing. Home alterations are besides assessed by the occupational healers to guarantee that the place environment is safe and contributing to Mrs Carroll ‘s independency degree as elucidated by Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009. Psychologists Psychologist has an of import function in assisting Mrs Carroll towards a successful recovery. Their expertness is peculiarly utile in measuring temper, depression and assisting Mrs Carroll through hard accommodation periods by pull offing her choler and other hurt ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009 ) . The psychologist is concerned with the causes, bar and intervention of the single societal jobs particularly in respect to interaction between Mrs Carroll and the physical and societal environment ( Lindley 2008 ) . You read "The Rehabilitation Nursing Environment Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" The psychologists will help the rehabilitation squad with schemes to pull off Mrs Carroll ‘s behavioral perturbations that impact on the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours rehabilitation procedure ( Freeman 1998 ) . 3. Describe the schemes that may assist active engagement of the patient and household in the rehabilitation plan. The active engagement of Mrs Carroll and her household has a important function to play after her shot. Their support will be of great comfort for Mrs Carroll and when the shot has caused major jobs, their aid in the recovery procedure is a cardinal portion of good shot attention ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009 ) . The household need to understand and be involved with the rehabilitative ends that Mrs Carroll has developed with the squad and the methods selected to run into these ends as explained by William, Perry A ; Watkins ( 2010 ) . This can include acquiring the household members to reenforce peculiar preparation Sessionss and developing the household to pull off Mrs Carroll with a position to dispatch for illustration learning techniques to reassign Mrs Carroll from bed to wheelchair or acquiring Mrs Carroll into a attention safely ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009 ) . This will enable them to experience that they are playing a critical function in rehabilitati on. Family members need to understand that their greatest part may be to let Mrs Carroll to be every bit independent as possible ( Gillespie A ; Campbell 2011 ) . Another scheme that will assist the active engagement of the household is household conference with the multidisciplinary squad and the physician where they will have specific information on the type of shot that affected Mrs Carroll and about her advancement as illustrated by Popovich, Fox, A ; Bandagi ( 2007 ) . Working with Mrs Carroll and her household will assist Mrs Carroll to accomplish realistic ends in their shot journey. It is besides really of import to learn the household techniques to heighten safety and communicating ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009 ) . Family members can besides supply valuable information about Mrs Carroll ‘s usual life style. The household members can help in reorienting Mrs Carroll to the affected side and implementing safety safeguards. It is besides of import for the hou sehold to be cognizant of the shortages and intercessions appropriate for Mrs Carroll ( Lindley 2008 ) . 4. Mrs Carroll ‘s defeat with motor activities and address make her angry. Discuss how choler may be used to ease effectual header and how rehabilitation nurses can enable patients to utilize their energy therapeutically. Nursing intercessions to ease emotional accommodation to stroke should include hearing, detering self-blame, promoting Mrs Carroll to verbalize her feelings, advancing independency, assisting Mrs Carroll reappraise her state of affairs, and show credence and acknowledgment of her advancement as highlighted by William, Perry A ; Watkins ( 2010 ) .It is of import that early marks of uneffective header to be detected so that patients at hazard for depression may be assessed and treated. The psychologist can besides help in supplying get bying schemes for nurse and speech healer to pull off Mrs Carroll ‘s defeat and choler ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009 ) . By back uping Mrs Carroll, instead than taking her, the nurse can assist her to gain her restrictions, consolidate loss and authorise her to be after for a hereafter that will be fulfilling to her.The construct of hope can be characterized by an unsure desire to accomplish ends that will let Mrs Carroll to set and tra vel end stations when transmutations occur as explained by Western ( 2007 ) . An achieved end or success against a nerve-racking experience creates an immediate sense of peace and good being and a generalized hope emerges for future successes harmonizing to Popovich, Fox, A ; Bandagi ( 2007 ) . Hope is of import to recovery as it gives persons the motive and strength to accomplish their ends ( Western 2007 ) . Empowerment so can be seen as a agency of assisting persons to recognize and accomplish their ends. Mrs Carroll becomes frustrated when she can non pass on, but alternatively of retreating from the conversation the nurse should promote her to do regular efforts to pass on with the squad and household. Hence her address will better daily and this will assist to accomplish her set ends ( ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009 ) . 5. Describe the medicines that Mrs Carroll is taking and discourse the grounds for administrating these medicines in his current status. Why should a cholesterin lowing agent be considered for Mrs Carroll? Metformin Harmonizing to Tiziani ( 2010 ) , Mrs Carroll was prescribed Glucophage as she has a history of Type 2 diabetes. Metformin acts chiefly by diminishing the production of glucose in the liver as described by Bullock and Manias ( 2011 ) . It besides slows soaking up of glucose signifier the intestine, inhibits glucagon secernment and tissue glycolisis ( Lindley 2008 ) . This medicine is prescribed when the blood sugar degree can non be controlled with diet alone ( Lindley 2008 ) . Avapro HCT This medicine is used to handle mild to chair high blood pressure explained by Tiziani ( 2010 ) . The combination of a thiazide water pill ( hydochlorothiazide ) and angiotensin receptor adversary produces a greater decrease in blood force per unit area ( Tiziani 2010 ) .Irbesartan blocks the potent vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotonin II by selective hostility of the angiotonin II receptors localized on vascular smooth musculus cells and in the adrenal cerebral mantle ( Bullock A ; Manias 2011 ) . Hydrochlorothiazide increases plasma renin activity, increases aldosterone secernment, and decreases serum K. Coadministration of an angiotonin II receptor adversary tends to change by reversal the K loss associated with thiazide water pills ( Bullock A ; Manias 2011 ) . This medicine will assist to take down Mrs Carroll ‘s blood force per unit area. Clopridogrel This medicine is used to forestall thromboembolic events, ischemic bosom disease and bar of shot ( Tiziani 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Bullock and Manias ( 2011 ) , it inhibits thrombocyte collection by irreversibly adhering to adenosine disphosphate thrombocyte receptor. Mrs Carroll has a past history of atrial fibrillation and she has a high hazard of shot from embolisation of cardiac thrombus ( Freeman 1998 ) . This medicine will cut down the hazard of holding a shot. Mrs Carroll ‘s LDL cholesterin degree is high and this increases the hazard of ischemic shot and bosom disease ( Lindley 2008 ) . A cholesterin take downing agent should be considered for Mrs Carroll to assist forestall farther vascular disease ( Mitchell A ; Moore 2004 ) . William, Perry A ; Watkins ( 2010 ) explain that the lower the blood cholesterin, the lower the subsequent hazard of ischemic shot and other thrombotic vascular disease. The cholesterin take downing agent has the ability to brace atheromatic plaque, cut down thrombogenicity every bit good as its consequence on dyslipidaemia ( Tiziani 2010 ) . 6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of get downing Mrs Carroll on medicine to command her urinary incontinency? Harmonizing to Bullock and Manias ( 2011 ) , anticholinergics interfere with the parasympathetic excitations of the detrusor musculus by barricading the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, ensuing in fewer nonvoluntary contractions ( . One of the disadvantages of utilizing medicine to command her urinary incontinency is that it causes hazard of mental confusion ( Tiziani 2010 ) . Her cognitive operation has decreased since she had the autumn, hence this medicine will do it worse. Anticholinergics medicine additions hazard of terrible irregularity, Mrs Carroll suffers from irregularity already this medicine will increase the hazard of holding intestine obstructor. Furthermore, bladder preparation can better urinary incontinency and encouraging Mrs Carroll to utilize medicine will cut down her independency and motive ( Lindley 2008 ) . Mrs Carroll might experience embarrassed to go to therapy due to her urinary incontinency. Therefore she could decline therapy and this will non assist in the recovery procedure. Urinary incontinency may do clamber dislocation and roseola due to extra of wet in the genital-perineal country ( Borleis 2012 ) . This medicine will besides cut down the hazard of Mrs Carroll acquiring a urinary piece of land infection as she would non necessitate to travel to the lavatory more frequently. Furthermore, good continency attention plays a cardinal function in assisting to reconstruct Mrs Carroll self esteem and independency ( Freeman 1998 ) . The medicine will besides assist Mrs Carroll to come on with vesica preparation ( William, Perry A ; Watkins ( 2010 ) . 7. Mrs Carroll had a strong spiritual religion prior to her shot but has since refused to see the Priest or members of her church. What intercessions might you implement to assist her recover her religious well being? Mrs Carroll might be embarrassed to run into her friends due to her status. First I would try to find the ground ( s ) for the hurt, and back up the Mrs Carroll to analyze her beliefs and values ( Tanyi 2006 ) . Supply research-based grounds to Mrs Carroll about the positive impacts of spiritualty on her wellness and operation ( Tanyi 2006 ) . Spending one on one clip with her and assist her to reflect back on her past religious well being might assist in cut downing her religious hurting.I would mention Mrs Carroll to a societal worker who may mention her farther to a psychologist ( Lindley 2008 ) . Her religious well being might non be straight related to her faith. Involve her in a speculation group with other patients who had stroke to assist her talk about her state of affairs. I would easy present one friend at a clip and see how she reacts to that. It is besides really of import to let Mrs Carroll to grief for the loss of what her life was and guarantee that she is cognizant t hat the nurse is at that place to assist her. Pastoral attention services are inter-denominational and will be able to offer religious attention to Mrs Carroll ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence 2009 ) . 8. How does the nurse utilise patient information obtained during admittance to help in the acknowledgment of discharge demands? What community resources would you see to assist Mrs Carroll and her hubby? A thorough nursing appraisal obtained during admittance enables the nurse to place existent and possible jobs of Mrs Carroll ( Fawcett A ; Rhynas 2012 ) . Discharge planning is critical to advance good being and maximal recovery ( Freeman 1998 ) . On admittance, it was identified that Mr Carroll is really dependent on his married woman and that he is due for an operation in two hebdomads. Furthermore, they live in a two floor three sleeping rooms townhouse which will non be ideal for her when she come back from infirmary due to her limited mobility. To guarantee continuity of attention, the interdisciplinary procedure start on admittance by interceding with the societal worker, occupational healer, physical therapist and societal web as explained by Lindley ( 2008 ) . Mrs Carroll is active in the community and she besides has supportive friends within the Parish Community. The community can besides organize a support group for shot patients to run into other people from the communit y who understand what you have been through. A resource battalion can be developed for Mr Carroll supplying inside informations of community services and benefits available. On discharge, guarantee good links and information sharing between the infirmary and community squads, and between wellness and societal attention suppliers. Arrange chances for shot subsisters and households to run into cardinal community staff such as territory nurses and stroke affair nurses before discharge ( Gillespie A ; Campbell 2011 ) . 9. Mrs Carroll was an active member of his community but now has limited address. Describe any schemes you could utilize to help communicating and the discharge instruction you would supply to her hubby sing her communication with others in societal state of affairss. Communication troubles can significantly impact quality of life and cause hurt and defeat for households, friends and the patient ( Speech Pathology Services 2012 ) . A broad scope of schemes can back up communicating such as taking distractions when speaking to the patient as explained by Speech Pathology Services 2012. The usage of different sorts of communicating such as gesture, indicating or composing will assist to understand Mrs Carroll ( William, Perry A ; Watkins 2010 ) . The nurse should explicate to Mr Carroll that it is really of import to talk in short sentences, easy and in a respectful tone with normal volume. When pass oning with Mrs Carroll, the individual should let excess clip to treat the information and repetition the message or state it in another manner ( Speech Pathology Services 2012 ) . The usage of communicating devices will besides advance comprehension and apprehension ( Freeman 1998 ) . Communicating with his married woman could be really frustrating, i t really of import for him to stay unagitated and patient. It is indispensable to supply accessible information for Mrs Carroll and her household on the peculiar type of address damage that Mrs Carroll has to heighten apprehension and assistance communicating ( William, Perry A ; Watkins 2010 ) . 10. Complete an admittance and discharge FIM for Mrs Carroll Please see affiliated How to cite The Rehabilitation Nursing Environment Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Japanese Ink Paintings Essay Example For Students

Japanese Ink Paintings Essay Japanese arts have the distinction of being distinct because it uses absolutely identical materials. Implements, and media for both drawing and painting (Bowie, 9). Therefore, it is arguable whether Japanese drawings and paintings are either the same thing or, that there is no such thing as a Japanese drawing (Bowie, 9). Either way, these drawings/paintings represent a distinct art form and era in Japanese history as well as art history. The art of these ink drawings involve the use of sums, which is a charcoal precipitate that is mixed with water and can create visual and textual effects to an unlimited range (Bowie, 10). These ink nettings can also be referred to as sums-e. The kind of brush that was used was also a wide variety of brushes from large, small, flat or round (Bowie ICC). Sums- ex.s encompassed a wide variety of materials in which it was presented on. They were seen on whole walls off reception hall or temple, on sliding door panels known as the fuse, as well as the hanging scroll that was known as Oakmont (History 17). Along with those items, less elaborate items were used such as the hand scroll, animation, fans, segments, and albums, gaucho (History, 17). Along faith these material items that oeuvre used in this art form were also the on-material aspects of the art; the artists intent and planning of each painting. Subjects were transformed in the mind Of each artist using interpretations and feelings that were expressed in each brush stroke (History 18). The artist was known to hold on to his brush until he had determined the intention, composition, and position of each stroke as well as how each stroke would function (History 18). These aspects of the art form truly distinguish Japanese ink paintings. These material and non-material items both work together to create specific and intricately thought out pictures of balance and perfection in Japanese art. Influences from and Differences between China Although, when looking at a Japanese painting and/or drawing, one can easily lump them into the category of general far east art, since they all gain great influence from China. Japanese art differs aesthetically from that of China and its surrounding neighbors. Japanese paintings show a distinct stylistic perfection that is reflected in balance and asymmetrical compositions (History 13). These characteristics developed with influence from Japanese Buddhist monks who traveled to China (History 20). There was also a flow of Chinese monk refugees ho fled to Japan in the I lath century during the Mongol take-over of China (History 20). This also had a huge impact on the development of Japanese paintings in relation to China The fact that the beginnings of ink painting had the foundation of monks also sets the back drop for the simplicity and the presence of nature and space in much Of these drawings; the Zen aspect. The distinction with Japan was that paintings were also focused on Zen patriarchs and famous monks rather than solely focusing on nature as the Chinese did (History 21). When nature further came in to play in the early 15th century, there was resend Of strong asymmetry in branches and cliffs, emphasis on image Of space as well as height using cliffs or trees (History 23). History emphasizes techniques used and its relation to China: The sharp definition of the trees and more muted forms of the bamboo grove and distant mountains further enhance the sense of atmospheric space] this work admirably demonstrates the degree to which Japanese artists if the fifteenth century had assimilated the essentials of Chinese landscaping painting (History 23) In an orthodox portrait of a Zen master extraneous and/or ornamental elements such as trees and mountains in the background are not present (Kanata 36). .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .postImageUrl , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:hover , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:visited , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:active { border:0!important; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:active , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare/Contrast Paintings at Palmer EssayDetail, instead went to the face and the robe of the priest (Kanata 36). Other aspects of capturing are also depicted through these paintings such as the idea of movement in some of the paintings of the priests. There are portraits that give out the idea of walking as though not walking, quiet and unmoved (Kanata 44). The scroll also provided another way in which ink paintings were represented. It combines poetic inscriptions with landscape paintings and became the major pictorial expression of the first half of the 15th entry (Sashimi paintings on fans were another asset to this art form. An example of techniques in fan art is seen in Nina Genes landscape fan of 1975 Which expresses the use Of orange-brown color, patterning Of dots, and the occasional use of darker ink in tree groupings (Addis 34). These are some of themes and techniques of composition of the different eras of ink drawings. Schools, Eras, and Change There were also different schools and styles of Japanese ink paintings (from http://www. Arterial. Com/articles/Japanese-painting. Asp), 0 Chihuahuas is the term for painting in black ink. It was adopted from China and strongly influenced by Zen Buddhism. During the 15th century ink painting gained a more Japanese style tot its own. Guano Monsanto (1453-1490) and his son Kane Monotone (http://w. Vow. Arterial. Com/articles/Japanese-painting. Asps-1559) stab lashed the Kane painting school. It began as a protest against the Chinese ink painting technique in black, The Kane school used bright colors and introduced daring compositions with large flat areas that later should dominate the Kikuyu-e designs. The Kane school split into several branches over the time, but remained dominant during the Eddo period. Many Kikuyu-e artists were trained as Kane painters. ] Toss-ha was a painting school specialized on small miniature formats in book illustrations. The founder avgas Toss Hokier in the 14th century. The Toss school became something like the official art school of the imperial court in Kyoto. The imperial court was a secluded world of its own, politically powerless, but well equipped with funds by the governing shoguns to dedicate thems elves to fine arts. 0 The nag painting style was strong at the beginning of the 19th century during the bunk and bonsai era. The advocates of this style painted idealized landscapes and natural subjects like birds and flowers for a cultural elite. The style was rather Chinese. C] The Shoji school was a split in the 18th century from the official Kane school. The shoji style is characterized by subjects taken from peoples everyday life. A kind Of realism With sometimes satirical elements. Kane Monsanto, developed the Kane school (History, 23). This school was dominated Japanese painting until the 19th century and believed an artistic tradition that was family oriented; leadership was passed from father to son (History, 24). As mentioned in the above list of schools, this school reduced native paintings that incorporated color in its subject. These paintings also lack the Zen overtones because Zen Buddhism lost its unchallenged position as a cultural force in Kyoto (History, 24). Kyoto served as the cultural center for ink paintings; however, Kumara came into play as an important spot in the late 15th century (Sashimi, 27). Like all areas of art, when one place bursts with energy and creativity that extremely reflects and affects the culture, the trend and need to branch out transcends. Sessions work took prominence at the time which the ink paintings were gaining ground in Kumara (History 25). Sessions work exemplifies the beauty of ink in color: He has used ink and light color to convey the beauty and freshness of summer and broad, harsher ink washes to capture the cold of wintergreens shows greater sensitivity to seasonal changeableness describes painting as a form of magic (History, 25) This magic was thought of as mans ability to reveal the process of nature through brush and ink (History, 25). All these different schools lead to different eras of this art and show the diverse ways in Which history and the evolution Of society and politics created particular dynamics in one particular art form. .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .postImageUrl , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:hover , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:visited , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:active { border:0!important; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:active , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Role of Replays in Different Sports EssayThe Basic aspect of Japanese ink paintings was originally that Of the Zen Buddhist culture. The art later assimilated with ideas of Chinese Confucianism. The Zen characteristic of life in earlier paintings where there; there were virtually no apparent landscapes or depictions of nature. As time and politics progressed, the art itself became evolutionary as it began to take on new forms and develop different schools as well as spread into different areas of Japan. Even though the ways of they paintings evolved, the overall structure, technique and material of the art maintained the same. Bibliography Addis, Stephen.

World War II

Summary of the articles Article 1: Heinrich Himmler Speech to the SS This article is a speech presentation by Heinrich Himmler, an army leader and a commander of the Schetzstaffel also known as the â€Å"SS† group of Nazi Germany. This particular speech was a motivational talk made to the members of the group to empower them for future preparations concerning their activities towards the implementation of what they called the â€Å"final solution of the Jewish question† (Reilly 943).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World War II specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main theme of the entire speech made by SS in which we shall be analyzing in this section of the paper is about this group’s mission and strategies towards the implementation of orders handed to them by their chief commander, Hitler which expressly required the total destruction of the Jewish community living in the country. Accordi ng to this speech it is clear that the SS unit were unanimous in their agreement of killing all Jewish as it states that â€Å"the Jewish people are going to be annihilated† (Reilly 944). In a nutshell the main idea that this speech intended to communicate is that extermination of the entire Jewish people should be hastily undertaken and concluded through means which the speech details and describes as historical and necessary if the SS group is to achieve its mark of â€Å"integrity† and bring grandeur to them (Reilly 945). In order to maintain their integrity, the SS group demands that orders must be strictly followed after they have been approved by the commander and in particular addresses the issue of Jewish wealth that they intend to confiscate and acquire in the process of persecuting the Jews. In this speech the SS commander categorically warns of the consequences of soldiers hoarding wealth confiscated from the Jew by stating the punishment that will be meted out in what would appear to be orders the orders given by Hitler. As a matter of fact, the commander is very specific on this issue as he states in the speech â€Å"whoever takes so much as a mark of it for himself is a dead man† (Reilly 945). In the same speech the commander finishes by justifying the reasons of wanting to have all the Jews annihilated by stating that it is not so much for their wealth but for the fact that the Jews at one time also wanted to have them exterminated.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is in this regard that we encounter one of the major classic propaganda that Hitler had architecture during this period in order to whip Germans towards hating Jews and therefore supporting his devilish campaign. In fact during this speech the commander states that accomplishment of this task is a mark of love â€Å"towards our people† which is one of the pri ncipal duties and responsibilities they can ever achieve and a present to themselves, their relatives, and to their country (Reilly 946). This is not only propaganda but a clear indication of strategies used by Hitler to brainwash the masses as well by thinking that extermination of Jews is their patriotic duty that will enrich them. Article 2: Steiner, Franà §ois Jean. Treblinka This article describes in detail and depicts the process that was put in place by Hitler implemented by the SS group in the extermination of the Jews, Romans and prisoners. The author describes a series of events which are followed during the killing process in a camp known as Treblinka in Poland; the activities of this particular camp are under the supervision of the commandant Kurt Franz who has been nick-named Lalka (Reilly 956). First the process starts with people being deported from different places and ferried by trains to this camp of death which Lalka himself has cleverly designed in order to dupe those arriving into thinking that it was an ordinary train station instead of what you will call a human slaughter house and thereby achieve what he describes as â€Å"restore a minimum hope† (Reilly 956). This article gives a detailed account of the actual process that was used in this camp when exterminating people; first, men and women are instructed to enter what was described in the camp as the â€Å"production line† (Reilly 957). The men and women are then separated and they go through each stage one at a time while they get offloaded of their personal belongings and even their clothes. In the fourth and fifth stage for instance there is a sign that requires the people to leave their â€Å"trousers and in the fifth his shirt and underwear† (Reilly 957).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World War II specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the processes are meant to reduce the burden of the personal belongings before they can be brutally murdered in cold blood. The process leading to death as described appears to have been planned in detail with utilization of great â€Å"innovations† by commander Lalka, where they are literally hacked off just before they become aware that they are about to die (Reilly 957). After they die they are disposed in another place where the oncoming people would not be able to see them before they too get to face the same fate. Reading this article I felt a surge of emotions, rage, sadness, pity, fear and disbelief all at once since this article gives a depiction of the actual events that took place during that time. This was cold blood murder with so much inhumanity even worse than how animals are killed in a slaughter; in fact at some point the victims appears to have already known that death was imminent as captured in this statement by one of the women just before she was killed â€Å"a young lady admitted in small brave voice t hat she was little afraid and wished it were all over† (Reilly, 957). Comparison of the two documents It is clear that both articles have a common theme of extermination of the Jews; the first article details the background events orchestrated by Hitler to jumpstart this process while the second article describes the actual events of the holocaust itself. In both articles also, we see how propaganda is used for the purpose of killing the Jews since in both cases lies are used to achieve the intended goals. The articles are also similar in that they describe a common event of destruction of the Jewish community by the Nazi that was taking place in Germany. Finally, in both articles we can also see that the two commanders Heinrich Himmler and Kurt Franz diligently discharge their responsibilities as instructed by Hitler. Thus, they are acting as representatives of the Hitler administration with a single mandate to destroy the Jewish race. Contrast between the documents There is a difference between the two articles in the way they focus on the events that took place in Germany at the time. In the first article, â€Å"speech to SS† the focus is on brainwashing the soldiers and advancing Hitler’s propaganda of hate against the Jews while the second article focus is on the actual events of the holocaust that took place.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such the second article describes the killing process of the victims, how they are deported and actually killed. Another difference is that the first article is entirely focused on Jews alone while the second one describes a range of other communities that were being targeted by Hitler during this time for annihilation such as Romans and prisoners in addition to Jews. Finally, the first article is a speech directed towards the SS soldiers meant to motivate them and brainwash them while the second article is a general discussion of the annihilation events that were taking place at the time. Conclusion The two documents describe a common event of persecuting Jews in Germany during the reign of Hitler. Based on the historical accounts of these two articles one is able to gain a better insight into the activities that were taking place in Germany, the central players in those activities and the real planners behind such actions who are Hitler and his commanders. It is evidently clear that human rights abuses and great loss of life took place and this is certainly the only recorded holocaust that has ever taken place in the world history where it is estimated 6 million Jews perished. Works Cited Reilly, Kevin. â€Å"Worlds of History, Volume Two: Since 1400: A Comparative Reader.† New York. Bedford/St. Martin’s. 2010. Print. This essay on World War II was written and submitted by user Leonel Daniels to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Summary sleepy hollow essays

Summary sleepy hollow essays The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, written by Washington Irving, is a story about a man that disappears in the small town of Sleepy Hollow. The man is Ichabod Crane, who is a tall, lanky, knowledgeable man, well respected by the people for his stories, gossip, and helpful person in the community. Katrina Van Tassel, daughter of the Dutch farmer Baltus Van Tassel, and Ichabod had taking a liking to each other. But Ichabods antagonist, Brom Bones and fellow men, did anything possible to put him down in front of the lady. On one fine day, a man brought an invitation inviting him to Mynheer Van Tassels for the evening, where the very good dancer, would dance the night away with the lady of his desire. Many ghost stories were told there, but one particularly shook Ichabod, which was about the headless horsemen of Sleepy Hollow. Headless horseman was believed to ride a horse, carrying a pumpkin because his head was lost in battle, and chase anyone in the forest at night, cutting their head s off. The night came to an end and the slow Ichabod, last to leave, headed in the forest on the trail. He got to the bridge when a figure, closer look revealed a man missing a head, appeared on the other end of the bridge. The headless horseman chased Ichabod down the trail, through the forest, towards the old church. Holding on tightly, with the saddle falling off the horse, Ichabod got across the bridge to the church when he is knocked from the horse. The next day his horse appears at the stables and Ichabod is never seen again. The only thing found was a stepped on saddle, Ichabods hat, and a pumpkin lying next to it. It is heard that Ichabod was seen teaching in New York, where he studied law and became a politician. ...

E-commerce Transactions Scare Customers Research Proposal

E-commerce Transactions Scare Customers - Research Proposal Example This has necessitated the need to have a secure environment, over the internet, where sellers and buyers can safely transact the business. On the other hand, the private details of internet users are being accessed by unauthorized fakes, which make it mandatory to have in place the measures for combating such menace. In view of the above, the proposed research intends to investigate the privacy issues from social, psychological, economic and regulatory perspectives. Apart from this, the paper would investigate into the technical issues, related to the provision of security for e-commerce transactions. However, the personal information submitted at the time of such transaction by the customer can be misused by various fakes for committing many frauds, which include credit card and payment crimes. Hence, it is imperative to understand the effect of correctional methods that are needed to counter the challenges of privacy and security in e-commerce. Whether such measures have really hel ped the buyer and seller? On the other hand, it might have dampened the business prospects of sellers, as consumers fear that their personal data can land up in the hands of criminal elements. This is particularly relevant, considering the current terrorism threat, all-over the world. Research Question As businesses, around the world, are still trying hard to find a perfect solution to the above-stated problem, the proposed research question for this paper would be: â€Å"What steps companies should take, in e-commerce, to ally the fears of customers regarding reuse of their personal information?† Literature review Previous research studies conducted in this direction have reported in detail about various perspectives that relate to security and privacy issues. A poll conducted by business week revealed that 40% online shoppers were surprised to find their personal details being used by others, for different business purposes, while 57% of such online consumers favored mandat ory laws for regulating the use of such information. (Harris Poll, 200). The reason for these concerns could be traced to non-implementation of fundamental regulations with regard to fair information practices, by the online businesses. This has left only a few online consumers believing in the safety of their personal details provided to website owners, while many online businesses might sell such information to others.(Culnan & Armstrong 1999). (Ackerman & Davis) Privacy concerns, However, the subject of privacy being a debatable one, it is necessary to understand its definition. Culnan has defined privacy as an ability of individuals to have the control over the collection and use of their personal data. Nevertheless, there may be certain cases where disclosing private information is necessary. These would include cases involving access to credit or public health schemes.(Clarke 1999). While people feel the need to have control over the things which they want to share with others , the changing technology mandates new rules for safe conduction of business, particularly e-commerce. Clarke has discussed in detail various terms connected with the issue of privacy, which includes choice, identification, digital persona, trust, among others.  

Should the drinking age of 21 be lowered to 18years old Why or Why not Personal Statement

Should the drinking age of 21 be lowered to 18years old Why or Why not - Personal Statement Example Adolescent brains are much more defenseless than adult brains to stand the ill effects of alcoholism. Consumption of alcohol at a young age badly affects learning, memory, thinking capacity, judgment, and decision-making capability. Grant (1998, p.144) states that the age at which a person starts consuming alcohol plays a very important role in deciding how much alcohol dependent he will be in his later life. He investigated the relationship between life time alcohol dependence and the age at which a person starts drinking. He used data from the 1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. He found in his research that â€Å"regardless of the family history of alcoholism, respondents with an earlier age of drinking onset were more likely to become alcohol dependent compared with respondents with a later age of drinking onset† (p.144) and that â€Å"the likelihood of lifetime alcohol dependence decreased with increasing age at drinking onset† (p.146). Young brains are more vulnerable to hazards of alcohol. Hence, it is very important not to lower down the drinking age to 18 in order to reduce the hazardous effects of alcohol when consumed at younger age. Grant, B.F. (1998). The impact of a family history of alcoholism on the relationship between age at onset of alcohol use and DSM–IV alcohol dependence. Alcohol Health and Research World, 22(2), pp.

The importance of recruitment and selection of sales people Essay

The importance of recruitment and selection of sales people - Essay Example Effective recruitment involves the identification of certain qualities which spell success. Certain people are imbued with that quality of good salesmanship and have the ability to out forth that quality of sincerity and integrity that certain people are imbued with that quality of good salesmanship and have the ability to out forth that quality of sincerity and integrity that encourages customers to purchase a product. The focus of good recruitment is in matching the capabilities, talents and skills of a particular candidate with the demands and requirements for the job. There must be transparency and uniformity in the recruitment process, in order to identify the most meritorious candidates available for a sales job. The manner in which the recruitment is carried out will affect the kind of candidates who get selected finally. During the process of recruitment, the selectors need to match up the best candidate for the job by an evaluation of the needs of the job and the qualities o f the candidate, in order to determine which candidate is best likely to fulfill the needs of the job.

Introduction To The James Bond Character

Introduction To The James Bond Character James Bond was born by the hands of English writer Ian Fleming, father of the world most famous secret agent novels. Codename 007, double 0 for the license to kill, James bond is a charming British special agent with the talent to solve the twisted machination of rich and powerful evils minds. HISTORY OF THE CHARACTER After rising to the rank of commander in the British navy, Bond Joined MI6, becoming one of the few agents licensed to kill. His role is to track down those who seek world domination and the destruction of Western civilization. Nothing stops him in battle with ultimate evil. (2) Inside the MI6, who occupies a bureaucratic office is designated by a letter; among all, M is the direct boss of James Bond, Q is the technological section and is involved in the creation of all the essential gadgets for James Bond missions. At last but not least miss Moneypenny, James Bonds secretary, and all the so called bond girl that are one of the fundamental feature for the series (feature also accused of sexism and machismo) THE AUTHOR Ian Lancaster Flaming was born in Mayfair, London, May 28, 1908. His family was part of the English aristocracy: his grandfather was the wealthy scottish banker Robert Fleming and his father, Valentine Fleming, was a conservative member of parliament, service-oriented land owner in Oxfordshire. Ian was only 9 years old when the father was killed in the first world war. He begins his studies in 1921 at Eton college, and complete them with some difficulties, but he was one of the best athletes of the institute. Young Ian is exuberant, loves beautiful women and sports cars, and is not ashamed to be seen as a heavy drinker. To correct the behavior of the boy, the mother enrols him at the military academy. Disappointed, his mother sends him in Austria, in a British family who runs a guesthouse for students. In a free and stimulated environment, different from the English one, Ian improves his profits. Thanks to this environment Ian become passionate about climbing and skiing; and this same panorama, recurs in his novels. He continued his studies by attending courses in Foreign Policy at the Universities of Geneva and Monaco. Undertake the profession of journalist for the Reuters agency. His eccentric passions are reflected in the founding of the club Le Cercle, dedicated to the cult of gastronomy and gambling; (in the movie license to kill, the first appearance of James Bond is right inside the club The Cercle). In the 1939 he joined the secret service of the British Navy: spending those years conducting a series of operations that will form the basis of the experience that give credibility, life and substance to the character of James Bond. In 1952 he married Geraldine Anne Rothermere, Countess of Charteris. During the Honeymoon he wrote Casino Royale, his first book with James Bond. Will end up writing a total of twelve novels and two collections of shorts stories on 007, a book inquiry on the international traffic of diamonds and a surreal novel titled Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. In the sagas most famous secret agent in the world, Ian Fleming used many episodes of his personal and professional life. In 1964, Fleming suffered a severe debilitating chest cold, which combined with pleurisy, forcing a slow recovery. That summer his mother died, leaving behind her small fortune from Valentine Flemings trust. By this time, Fleming had already earned his own fortune, created his own identity, and ruled his own literary empire. His doctors advised him he was too ill to attend his mothers service, but he went anyway. Fleming tried to force his recovery, dictating letters in protest of his condition, as if by sheer will, Fleming could regain his health. In August went to St. Georges to meet with the golf committee. His heart failed him, and the night of August 11, Ian Fleming began to bleed to death from within. At 1 a.m. on August 12, 1964, Ian Fleming died at the age of 56. He is buried in Sevenhampton, near Swindon not too far from the Welsh border. His wife Anne died in 1981. Flemings only child, Casper, died from a suicidal drug overdose in 1975. Both are buried beside Ian beneath a simple obelisk monument in the shadow of the local stone church. (3) THE ARMY TODAY Royal Navy The United Kingdom is an island nation. The sea has always been a vital factor in its history. It has been a means of people arriving from overseas, a barrier to invaders, a highway for trade and the basis for a once global empire. After the second World war the Royal Navy sees a great transformation in technology, roles and society. The strategic impact of the Royal Navy was transformed introducing nuclear power and nuclear armed submarines that changes the strategic nuclear deterrent of Britain; ships design was transformed; the Navy first guided missile armed destroyer was completed in 1962; officer entry at schoolboy age was replaced by the mid-1950s, by entry at eighteen. (4) Royal Marines Ethos The ethos of the Royal Marines refers to our role and the way we fulfil it. Since the Second World War, we have developed a specific function as a commando and amphibious force, undertaking operations in harsh environments be they mountain, jungle, cold weather or desert. This difficult and unique task requires certain personal characteristics, which are nurtured at the Commando Training Centre during training and then maintained and developed during our subsequent service. It is because of these individual qualities that we are able to fulfil our collective role successfully; combined, these two key elements form our ethos. (5) MI6 The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), is the espionage agency of Great Britain. Its more commonly known as the Military Intelligence section 6 (MI6). It was founded in 1909 as the foreign section of the Secret Service Bureau. It provides the British Government whit a global covert capability to promote and defend the national security and economic well being of the United Kingdome. Ian Fleming worked for the MI6 during the second world war, for the secret services of the Royal Navy. (6) WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM JAMES BOND James Bond Movies and novels, changed the collective imaginary He is the central character in one of the best-selling series of popular novels in literary history, and the hero of the most successful and enduring cycle of films ever produced. His critics accused him of racism, sexism, and snobbery. His fans see him as cultured, seductive, and discerning. He is agent 007, licensed to kill. First appearing with the publication of Ian Flemingsngs Casino Royale in 1953 and crossing over to the big screen with the film adaption of Dr No in 1962, James Bond emerged at a turning point in British post-war history, a moment of profound cultural change that saw Britains decline as a superpower and its reinvention as a swinging mecca for music, fashion, shopping and youth culture. As a fictional character who perpetuated British fantasies of global influence while simultaneously glamourizing an affluent lifestyle based on brand-name consumerism, exotic travel, and sexual conquest, bond novels and films have reminded at the forefront of popular culture, continuously modernizing the 007 formula to reflect and often anticipate changing social attitudes, major developments in world politics, and shifting trends in popular fiction and cinema culture. (1) ( The James Bond phenomenon, A critical reader; Christoph Lindner; Univerisity of Wales, Aberystwyth; Manchester University Press; 2003) The bond look: The way James Bond present himself to the world his look provides a number of telling insights his personality. As befits his public persona of a successful businessman for Universal Exports, his style is undemonstrative and classically tailored, suggesting a man at ease with himself and in control of his life. He favors lightweight suits in muted shades for most occasions, and a tuxedo for formal events. Shoes, shirts, and ties are of the best quality. Everything fits, nothing is left to chance he transcends the whims of fashion. Bond in love: For James Bond a beautiful woman, especially in independent, free-spirited woman, is an irresistible challenge the ultimate prize of a life lived as if there were no tomorrow. Love never lasts long in Bond World. As Paris Carver, a former lover, once remarked with tragic foresight: this job of yours its murder on relationship. So Bond keeps moving, from romance to romance. Yet one name will always linger his memory the name of his murdered bride, Tracy di Vincenzo. ( James Bond the secret world of 007; Alastair Dougall; Dorling Kindersley Publishing, London, New York, Munich, Melbourne, and Delhi; 2006 ) ( http://www.klast.net/bond/flem_bio.html; Jhon Cork ([emailprotected]); Ian Fleming Foundation, 1995 [online]; accessed on 03/05/2010 ) (3) ( http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/history/historical-periods/1945-2000/ [online] accessed on 04/05/2010 ) (4) (http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/royalmarines/history-and-ethos/ethos-beliefs/ [online ] accessed on 04/05/2010) (5) ( http://www.sis.gov.uk/output/sis-home-welcome.html; [online]; accessed on 04/05/2010 ) (6)

Dukes of Burgundy :: Essays Papers

Dukes of Burgundy By successive diplomatic marriages, by victories and annexations, the Dukes of Burgundy, since the time of Jean the Fearless, had constituted a vast zone of power, which rivaled that of the kingdom of France. The zone consisted of different regions and people enclosing the kingdom of France, from North Lyon to south of Amiens forming a semi-circular realm reaching as far as the north of the Netherlands. This was the longest reign in the history of France. Some the most notable of the dukes were Charles the Bold and his father, Philip the Good. Philip the Good enlarged his territory almost double its previous size. His lands included the duchy of Burgundy, Flanders, Artois, Babant, Luxembourg, Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, and Hainaut. Philip formed an allegiance with England, supporting the efforts of Henry V to secure the French crown until his subjects urged him to make peace with Charles VII of France. Philip founded the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1430. The Dukes of Burgundy placed at the order's disposal the resources of their enormous wealth. The order was formed to serve as a symbol of their power and be used to tie together the domains of the Burgundian State. The splendor of Burgundy during Philip's reign from 1396-1467 was unmatched in Europe. Charles the Bold reigned over Burgundy from 1467-77. He was the last heir of the dukes of Burgundy. His only child, Mary, became valuable as Europe's most marriageable heiress. Charles' surname (le Temeraine) really means "the Rash" and perhaps explains why he was a great antagonist of Louis XI. Although his Burgundian court surpassed that of monarchs of his time, he was lacking in the political realism of previous dukes. He was defeated and killed at the Battle of Nancy in 1477. The administration of the vast domain was put into the hands of Nicolas Rolin at the beginning of the fifteenth century. In the 81 years of his life Nicolas Rolin spent almost sixty years in service of the Duke of Burgundy. He was an excellent administrator and wise politician. He found how to retrieve the Duchy of Burgundy from an English Alliance. He was also one of the founders of the treaty of Arras, which reconciled France and Burgundy, putting an end to the Hundred Years War.